The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
GBD 2016 Alcohol and Drug Use Collaborators. et al.·The Lancet Psychiatry
Alcohol and drug use contribute substantially to the global disease burden, measured in DALYs, YLDs and YLLs across 195 countries.
Summary
Global epidemiological SR (195 countries, 1990–2016); cannabis dependence: 22,1 million cases (age-standardised prevalence 289,7/100.000, 95%-UI 248,9–339,1); drug-attributable DALYs globally 31,8 million (95%-UI 27,4–36,6), corresponding to 1,3% of all DALYs; disease burden increases with higher Sociodemographic Index.
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PopulationGeneral population in 195 countries and territories, 21 regions, 7 super-regions; pooled estimates for alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid dependence, 1990–2016
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InterventionAlcohol and drug use (incl. cannabis) as risk factors and diseases
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OutcomeEstimation of global DALYs, YLDs and YLLs attributable to alcohol and drug use 1990–2016; alcohol and drugs as significant drivers of the global disease burden
<h4>Background</h4>Alcohol and drug use can have negative consequences on the health, economy, productivity, and social aspects of communities. We aimed to use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 to calculate global and regional estimates of the prevalence of alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and opioid dependence, and to estimate global disease burden attributable to alcohol and drug use between 1990 and 2016, and for 195 countries and territories within 21 regions, and within seven super-regions. We also aimed to examine the association between disease burden and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases for original epidemiological studies on alcohol and drug use published between Jan 1, 1980, and Sept 7, 2016, with out language restrictions, and used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to estimate population-level prevalence of substance use disorders. We combined these estimates with disability weights to calculate years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 1990-2016. We also used a comparative assessment approach to estimate burden attributable to alcohol and drug use as risk factors for other health outcomes.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Alcohol and drug use are important contributors to global disease burden. Effective interventions should be scaled up to prevent and reduce substance use disease burden.<h4>Funding</h4>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.